Apparatus for permanently waving hair



May 23, 1950 J. s. clPLLA 2,508,375

t Amuamwrus FOR PERMANENTLY wAvING HAIR Filed Dec. 27, 194s 138 INVENTOA yATTORNEY Patented May 23, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE:

- Joseph S. Cipolla, Brooklyn, N. Y. Application December 27, 194s, serial No. 61,348

This invention relates to an apparatus for permanently waving hair on the human head. The present invention is a continuation-impart of my copending application for Method and means for hair waving, Serial No. 14,725, filed March 13, 1948.

It is an object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described which is particularly useful for home waving and through whose use a comparatively unskilled person can give either herself or someone else a permanent wave of professional appearance.

vIt is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described which is of an inherently simple construction and is extremely easy to use.

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described through whose use the hair is permanently waved in ringlet form, whereby not only is the first setting operation eliminated, but the basic wave is of the proper shape and character for subsequent setting operations, vthis being in contrast to the spiral and croquignole waves heretofore imparted which had to be reset after com-` pletion of waving. l

It is another object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described through whose use the hair tresses are kept wound until a later stage of operations than ever reached before in permanent Waving, whereby the per manency of the wave isenhanced.

It is another object of my invention to provide. an apparatus of the character described which is specially adapted to be employed in conjunction with cold wave processes.

It is another object of my invention to pro-A vide an apparatus of the character described in which curls can be wound in any desired direction, i. e. clockwise or counterclockwise.'

vIt is an additional object of my invention to provide an apparatus of the character described through whose use curls may be wound with ease right up to the scalp.

.Other objects of my invention will in part be obvious and in part will be pointed o ut hereinafter.

My invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, Vcombinations of elementsl andarrangements of parts which will be exemplified in the constructions hereinafter describedand illustrated, and of which the scope of` application will be indicated in 'the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings in which is v11 Claims'. (Cl. 132-42) 2 Y shown one of the various possible embodiments of my invention: Y

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a waving unit embodying my invention;

' Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line 2 --2 'of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a sectional View taken substantially along the line 3 -3 of Fig. 2;

Figs. 4 through 7 are perspective views of said unit at successive stages o f aVr waving operation; and

Fig. 8 is a bottom view' of'saidunit at the com-l pletion of a Waving operation.

Referring now. in de tail'to the drawings, the. reference numeral H0 i'denotes a waving unit embodying my viriv'erition.;k Said unit comprises a quill H2 of a relatively, rigid material, for ex ample, a stiff plastic'which is yinert to the chem# icals used in the hair waving process. The unit also includes a disc U4 offa ilexible resilient material, i. e. an elastomer, as for example, rubber or any one of vthe well yknown elastomeric plastics, e. g.' apolyethylene plastic. The quill may be solid,l asindicated. and to better grip the starting end of a tress, its surface can be corru# gatedor iluted at least in part, as by the provision of longitudinal grooves H6V running from adjacent the rounded head H8 of the quill to a point about one-half 'inch from the disc. vFor a reason `which laterv will be apparent, the quill ares slightly `fromthe upper end of the ungrooved. portion toward'thehad II8. The base en d of thequill Aifs formed with an annular groove 122 set in slightly from said end.

The' disey Il 4f'ha`spa' central aperture |24, in..

which theV grooved portion ofthe quill is snugly tted, thereby frictionally detaining the quill against rotation relative to the disc and yet enabling the quill to be 4turned by hand with comparative ease. The disc also includes a radial slot IZG having a constricted entrance neck. lf desired, the disc may be furnished with a plurality of through openings |28 to lighten the same and make 'manufacture more economical.

Y, Moreover, theser openings aid in circulating air for drying and expediting application of body to wound tresses. w

Each -unit Ilffurther-'include's an accessory element i3!) -for holding a` ringlet curl against the disc i I4 andjor. securing the disc to the root of a tress.. Said-accessory elementconsists of an elongated 'slender' strip of material, as for example string* or cordfwhichfor expedience of manipulation may bejin the form of an endless 100D: Moreover. Sadaccessoryelement preferably is elastic, constituting for instance a rubber band which can be stretched easily and without danger of breaking to more than twice the diamand the pairs"oislitsV4 are located-'fon opposite;

sides of the center of the disc, about 90 away from the slot |26. Access to the slits is facili tated by providing the samewitll outwardly flan: ing mouths. In addition, theV bases of the slits are in the form of small through holes in 'thtY disc, said holes having a diameten'somwhat smaller than the thickness 4orf.- the, .rubb e 1 .band. I have secured excellent results where the rub; ber band had an approximately squaretrans verse section Whose longest side was twice the diametereffthe helee ai. thebetteree Qithe. slits.-` The purpose of these correlated ions-Will beeeme. apparent este@ .deseen n Preeeede- Optionally, the portionwot't the radius ottime remaind r o ears Y 14.0 which. erediie -h The waving unit |||1 The. heir en enea@ eated'i-n Fia. Hete ble,

. desired base configuration. As illustrated herein, the.- bese eeeleueiiea ei- -the is., appresimetelv Square However/.theyelarbe eemewhe-t elongated enel even; eellsidebiy eleeseted- Nevertheless, the., Preferred. fella et mitin: ventenfwhereinfihe hairis. meiner-.lily were@ in the ferm-ef ries-lets. I-v te. ieundithee the. moet; satisfaeterr results .aleteinedwhere the .....-.e-derebly-eleef catedu as they', er ,ferexempla in. ereeuienele f 'treesi Wetieiwiileeeeventiehel 'Se-.eellee rela-.Were Lfgtenins lotion. which is, eemleee threeeh. the t Se .te @Sure eveil distri-1 bi-ition,A AManysuc the est. Mee@ :S n" dein., sent sieh .r1.1 meer een: paper sheet is fi tee tress eee elle.. te. the. dieter ende tbe-Wees; se as te, eine. eer

loose hairs and .unav o Trie.. disc. @14 .n used hand with'th g A tally` ,disposed. and.. tha-pa cndp@ the; tress ile: placed en theauill neer. he heee. .l 1.8. ihereef. Next the wenas-211,511# 1S 1191.1...f1tewad-the seele (Figg 4).. by turningthe.. o vv thone hand and the head ef the. q ill with thefethelif f This Will wind-tbe trees 'ab ui thefeerrueeted Dertien ef. the quill- Tee;- qeill ie. Shiite@ axially duf-ing Windinefee that'eentissoustufee eifihe Spirallxweu'ndftreee overlap ee 1' ably/ee best illustrated ingfEig. y5, W en h esshas been,

Weundetewithin. e Seet lelelle. geit the, seele,"

Ch 'm1, the Slet |25 tress. eeidftre'ee fer exemple gegevens. the disc is registered wi iaeiiainteihe entente-tb, emerged-heather@- NOWS the mit is time@ te'btiggthe qill t0; ev peetieni Perperlidseleme th. .seal trated in Fig. ifthetress d y leseeneuehtetheeeela.these# 1S er tive, tothe, questo; drenthe. egitto During thetreesiwindine sten-the geber bend.

sses having.. a.

of winding, the rubber band is stretched across the lower surface of the disc and pulled to the side of the tress facing to the mouth of the slot |25 (see Eig. 8). Then the' two strands of the rubber .band areslippe'd Vinto the other pairs of slits I3, |38, and the rubber band is pulled taut.

This action reduces the thickness of the section of the rubber band and, together with the pull on .the band, permits the two strands thereof to slide "easily through the slits |36, |38.

'when lthe manually applied tension is releasedl Thereafter,

the free end of the band resumes its normal thickness and the'prtion of the band in the slits f3.5; |38 will become jammed, thereby holding in tension those parts of the band which are on the lower. surface .of the., disc. Said tensed portions Qi' theY bend engage-#heiress adjacent'. its bese and press it against the disc so as to hold the disc in place :against the scalp and prevent the tress from slipping. V These -portions of the rub. bei` band also function to' press the sides of the slot |25. againstthe tress. Should the foregoing manipulation. of the` band disturb the spacing between the disc and thescalp, or for Yany other reason, the quill .subsequently maybe turned further to. bringthe. disc closer to the scalp. At this time, the free or untensed portion of the rubber band extends fromthe. upper surface ofthe 'disc (See Fig. 5.) Later` on, thisrfree portion is employed forV securing the tress in the shape of a 'pin curl. However',.during the initial stages of hair treatment, said free portion remains idle. A When ,all the tresses have been Wound, the saine` may be rewette'd with the softening lotion. Now.V a towel, cloth or the like is Wrapped about the headto hold in the body heat and the softening solution allowedto1 work for a requisite period offtiine', dependent vupon'the strength of thelotion and the characteristics. o f the indi-j viduals hair.""I'he towel then is removed and the wound tresses wetted with a conventional neui tralizing lotion. ,.Also, if desired and before the neutralizing lotion isV applied,` thel tresses may be vrrinsed with, clean, lukewarm water as by spraying. or pouring o 'ver'the` wound tresses on the quills. After-.the neutralizing lotion has been n the, air a suitable time, depending Qn its strength 15 mutes` the quills are turned inan unwinding direction for about two come' plete revolutionsV to slightly loosen the wound tresses and then neutralizing solution is applied a second time, thus. permitting the solution to ilaeneltratev to the inside of the tresses. The quills then are turned toretighten the tressesand neutralizing `lotion is left to Work again;` this time preferably fior. a shorter` period (say 10 r ninutes). Y "The next step is to loosen each wound tress by. turning the quillin. an unLvi/ indingV direction fee ebeeiifeer reveluiieee. .Thea therese is. pushed down the quill toward the disc, such action being. facilitated by the iiaring contour offthe quill, and the. wound tressis allowed to open up enough to. approginiately cover'the, areaA efsihediee, V"fire flattened. curled tress 1S efeeeedl ag nst the ,disc manually (Fig. 6),., While thei qui-ll pulled out of the'central aperture |24 and` the'free' portion of the rubber band is pulled tautK over. the. curl and has its two strands inserted all the tresses are thus treated, they are saturated with additional neutralizing lotion.

- I have found -that thesetting solution is not instantaneous in its action and therefore if, after Asuch a `solution is applied to the wound tress,

said tress is flattened against the disc in the `manner just `set forth and the flattened tress left in Vthis condition for a period of time, say `l5 minutes to 1/2 an hour, or evenv longer, while the tress dries, the tress will be permanently waved either in ringlet form or ina form ap- :proaching ringlet form.- The longer the tress Vis left in the condition indicated in Fig. 7 the closer the permanently waved tress will assume a ringlet form, Moreover, by permitting the tress to dry in a ringlet form it will be set in such form thereby eliminating the stepof vsetting the hair in ringlets subsequent to permanent waving.

Although it is proposed to sell all of the component elements of the hair waving unit as a combination, it is to be understood that individual component elements can be sold as replacement parts for use with other component elements of the unit.

It thus will be seen that I have provided an apparatus which achieves the several objects of my invention and meets the conditions of practical use.

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention, and as various changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein described, or shown in the accompanying drawings, is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated stiff quill consisting of slender single-piece shaft and a thin flexible resilient disc, said disc having a through opening, an end of said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a through slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc the diameter of said quill, in the zone over which hair is wound, at no point exceeding a quill diameter in said zone remcter from the disc, and the diameter of the quill at any point in said zone being at least as great as any diameter of the quill between said zone and the extreme end of the quill which is held in the disc, whereby, after hair is wound on said quill and the wound tress pushed ilat against the disc, the quill can be withdrawn without disturbing the convolutions of the tress.

2. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated quill, a thin disk, and an accessory element constituting an elongated slender strip of resilient material, said disk having a through opening, said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disk about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disk having a slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the yfree end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disk, said disk additionally having a plurality of widely spaced peripheral means to engage spaced portions of said element and to permit the portion of said element betweensaid engaged portions to hold a wound and flattened tress against said disk.

3. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated thin quill, a disc, and an accessory element constituting an elongated slender strip of flexible material, said disc having a through Y opening, said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be bi-directionally rotatable with respect to the disc about. the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the Walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the `distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc, the diameter of said quill, in the zone over which hair is wound, at no point exceeding a quill diameter in said zone remoter from the disc, and the diameter of the quill at any point in said zone being at least as great as any diameter of the quill between said zone and the extreme end of the quill which is held in the disc, whereby, after hair is wound on said quill and the wound tress pushed flat against the disc, the quill can be withdrawn without disturbing the convolutions of the tress, said disc additionally having a plurality of widely spaced peripheral openings to receive said flexible strip and permit portions of said strip to hold a wound and attened tress against said disc.

4. A waving unit comprising in combination an elongated stii quill consisting of a slender single-piece shaft, a thin flexible resilient disc, and an accessory element constituting an elongated slender strip of flexible material, said disc having a through opening, an end of said quill being frictionally received in said opening so as to be rotatable with respect to the disc about the longitudinal axis of the quill against the frictional restraint of the walls of the opening against the quill, said disc having a slit to receive a tress of hair wound helically along the length of the quill from the distal to the proximal end of the tress and from the free end of the quill to the end of the quill at the disc, the diameter of said quill, in the zone over which hair is wound, at no point exceeding a quill diameter in said zone remoter from the disc, and the diameter of the quill at any point in said zone being at least as great as any diameter of the quill between said zone and the extreme end of the quill which is held in the disc, whereby, after hair is Wound on said quill and the wound tress pushed flat against the disc, the quill can be withdrawn without disturbing the convolutions of the tress, said disc additionally having a plurality of widely spaced peripheral openings to receive said element and permit portions of said element to hold a wound and flattened tress against said disc.

5. A waving unit as set forth in claim 4, wherein the accessory element is an endless rubber band.

6. A waving unit as set forth in claim 4, wherein the accessory element is an endless ruba ber band `and wherein there are four peripheral openings in the disc to receive said rubber band, said openings being arranged in pairs on diametrically opposite sides of the disc.

L1A wavinguunlt' asi-set. tei-thV in claim' -whereinrthe accessory 'element is a rubber band 'and Whereinrthea peripheral openings Vin the disc have', cross sectional areas less 'than' that of the rubber band'.

- 8;A Waving unit as` set. forth in claim 4 through. slit'whichiextends from adjacent said aperture tothe periphery of the disc, said disc additionally having afplurality of' Widely spaced slits vin itsl periphery to: receive an elongated slender flexibleresilientimember such as a rubber barrel forrholdi'nga wound and flattened tress against' said disc :10. A .thin Sfl'exible resilient disc for use in vpermanently wavinghairr. on the human head, 'said disc having a through circular aperture and a through slit Which-extends from adjacent said aperizure' to' the' peripheryfoi' the` disc,l` said' disc :additionally-having a' plurality of widely spaced fslits' in'its perpheryrto receive an elongated slender flexible resilientmembersuch asa rubber lband `for holding alwound and flattened' tres's against 'said disc, said slits' terminating in openings smaller than the cross-sectional area of th member. Y 11. In combination for use in permanently -waving hairV on the human head a; flexible refsilent endless loop such as a rubber band and-a thin exible resilient Vdscpsad disc havinge,

through circular aperture anda through slit Vwhich extends fromA adjacent saidaperture to the periphery of' thedisc, said disc additionally .having a pluralityfof widely spaced slits in its `periphery to receive'said loop for holdinga Wound and flattened tress again'stsaidvdisc.

J OSEPHl S. CIPOLLA.

-Norererences cited. 

